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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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1992-09-02
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US political scandal involving senior members
of the Reagan administration (called this to
echo the Nixon administation's Watergate).
Arms, including Hawk missiles, were sold to
Iran via Israel (at a time when the USA was
publicly calling for a worldwide ban on
sending arms to Iran), violating the law
prohibiting the sale of US weapons for resale
to a third country listed as a `terrorist
nation', as well as the law requiring sales
above $14 million to be reported to Congress.
The negotiator in the field was Lt Col Oliver
North, a military aide to the National
Security Council, reporting in the White
House to the national-security adviser (first
Robert McFarlane, then John Poindexter).
North and his associates were also
channelling donations to the Contras from
individuals and from other countries,
including $2 million from Taiwan, $10 million
from the sultan of Brunei, and $32 million
from Saudi Arabia. The Congressional Joint
Investigative Committee reported, in Nov
1987, that the president bore `ultimate
responsibility' for allowing a `cabal of
zealots' to seize control of the
administration's policy, but found no firm
evidence that President Reagan had actually
been aware of the Contra diversion. Reagan
persistently claimed to have no recall of
events, and some evidence was withheld on
grounds of `national security'. North was
tried and convicted in May 1989 on charges of
obstructing Congress and unlawfully
destroying government documents. Poindexter
was found guilty on all counts in 1990.
Congressional hearings 1986-87 revealed that
the US government had secretly sold weapons
to Iran in 1985 and traded them for hostages
held in Lebanon by pro-Iranian militias,
using the profits to supply right-wing contra
guerrillas in Nicaragua with arms. This
attempt to get around the law (Boland
amendment 1984) specifically prohibiting
military assistance to the Contras also broke
other laws in the process. The hearings were
criticized for finding that the president was
not responsible for the actions of his
subordinates.